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Rental Yield Calculator (2026)

Calculate gross and net rental yield on any US investment property. Enter your property value, monthly rent, and expenses to instantly see your return — then compare against top US markets like Cleveland (11.3%), Memphis (8-10%), and Indianapolis (6-8%).

Rental Yield Calculator

Property Information
Full purchase price, not just your down payment
Typical: 5–10%
Annual Operating Expenses (for Net Yield)
Rule of thumb: 1% of value
Typical: 8–12% of rent

Your Rental Yield

Adjust inputs and click Calculate

0.00% Gross Rental Yield
0.00% Net Rental Yield
Gross Yield vs US Market
0%3%5%7%9%12%+

$0Effective Annual Rent
$0Total Annual Expenses
$0Net Operating Income
$0Monthly Net Cash Flow
Income & Expense Breakdown
Gross Annual Rent
Vacancy Loss
Effective Gross Income
Property Tax
Insurance
Maintenance
Management Fee
Net Operating Income (NOI)

*Yield calculations exclude mortgage payments. Net yield based on entered expenses. Estimates only — not investment advice.

How Rental Yield Is Calculated

Rental yield is the annual income a property generates expressed as a percentage of its value. It is the first metric every real estate investor checks because it answers one simple question: how much return does this property produce relative to what I paid for it?

Gross Rental Yield Formula

Gross Rental Yield = (Annual Rent ÷ Property Value) × 100 Example: $1,500/mo × 12 = $18,000 annual rent $18,000 ÷ $200,000 × 100 = 9.0% Gross Yield

Net Rental Yield Formula

Net Rental Yield = ((Annual Rent − Annual Expenses) ÷ Property Value) × 100 Example: $18,000 rent − $6,000 expenses = $12,000 NOI $12,000 ÷ $200,000 × 100 = 6.0% Net Yield

The difference between gross and net yield is significant. A property showing a 9% gross yield might only deliver 5–6% net after accounting for taxes, insurance, maintenance, and management. Always calculate net yield before making a purchase decision.

💡 Vacancy allowance: Include a 5–10% vacancy rate to account for months between tenants, turnover costs, and unexpected vacancies. A property that looks profitable at 100% occupancy may underperform when realistic vacancy is applied.

Gross vs Net Rental Yield — What Is the Difference?

Most listing sites and real estate agents quote gross yield because it is the highest possible number. But gross yield is misleading on its own — it assumes zero costs, which is never true in practice.

MetricGross YieldNet Yield
What it measuresRent vs purchase priceProfit vs purchase price
Includes expenses?NoYes — all operating costs
Includes mortgage?NoNo (see cash-on-cash)
Typical valueHigher number2–3% lower than gross
Best used forQuick property comparisonRealistic investment analysis
Comparable metricCap rate (same concept)
⚠️ The expense ratio matters. In high-tax states like New Jersey or Illinois, property taxes alone can eat 2–4% of property value annually, dramatically reducing net yield even on properties with good gross yields. Always model your specific local tax rate.

Typical Expense Ratio by Property Type

Property TypeTypical Expense RatioGross → Net Reduction
Single-family home (self-managed)25–35% of gross rentGross −2 to −3%
Single-family home (managed)35–45% of gross rentGross −3 to −4%
Small multifamily (2–4 units)35–45% of gross rentGross −3 to −4%
Large multifamily (5+ units)40–50% of gross rentGross −3 to −5%
Short-term rental (Airbnb)40–60% of gross revenueGross −4 to −6%

2026 US Rental Yield Benchmarks

The average gross rental yield across the United States stands at 6.71% as of Q2 2026 (up from 6.56% in Q4 2025). However, yields vary dramatically by market — from under 3% in coastal metros to over 11% in Midwest cities.

City / MarketGross YieldMedian Home PriceAvg Monthly RentMarket Type
Cleveland, OH11.3%~$95,000~$895/moEntry-level cash flow
Shreveport, LA8.69%~$155,000~$1,120/moHigh yield secondary
Memphis, TN8–10%~$175,000~$1,200/moPortfolio builder
Toledo, OH8–9%~$130,000~$950/moEntry-level cash flow
Detroit, MI7–9%~$80,000~$900/moEntry-level / high risk
Indianapolis, IN6–8%~$275,000~$1,500/moPortfolio builder
Birmingham, AL7–9%~$180,000~$1,100/moHigh yield South
Cincinnati, OH~9.8%~$240,000~$1,950/moHigh demand rental
Austin, TX5–6%~$500,000~$2,100/moHigh-growth / lower yield
Nashville, TN4.5–5.5%~$480,000~$1,900/moAppreciation play
New York City, NY3–4%~$750,000+~$2,800/moAppreciation dominant
San Francisco, CA2.5–3.5%~$1,100,000~$3,200/moAppreciation dominant

*Market data aggregated from Global Property Guide (Q2 2026), AmeriSave, and Homes Globe. Figures represent gross yield estimates and vary by neighborhood, property condition, and specific financing.

📊 US Average: The national average gross rental yield is 6.71% (Q2 2026). Properties yielding above 7% are considered strong cash-flow investments. Below 5% typically means the investor is betting on appreciation rather than income.

Rental Yield by Market Type

The best US rental yield depends on your investment strategy. Different market tiers offer different risk/return profiles.

Entry-Level / Maximum Cash Flow (Under $250K)

Cities like Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit, and Shreveport offer the lowest barrier to entry and highest gross yields — often 8–11%. These markets prioritize immediate cash flow. The tradeoff: slower long-term appreciation and potentially higher management intensity. Best for investors who need income now.

Portfolio Builders ($300K–$600K)

Memphis, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Birmingham offer the sweet spot — strong gross yields of 6–10% with relatively stable rental demand and improving infrastructure. These markets are considered the best balance of cash flow, diversification, and moderate appreciation potential.

High-Growth / Lower Current Yield ($500K+)

Markets like Austin, Nashville, Charlotte, and Raleigh offer gross yields of 4–6% but strong population and job growth. Investors accept lower current yield in exchange for the potential of significant property appreciation over 5–10 years. Only suitable for investors who can absorb lower immediate returns.

Coastal / Appreciation Markets

New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Seattle typically show gross yields of 2.5–4%. These markets have strong long-term appreciation but poor current cash flow. Very difficult to achieve positive cash flow after mortgage payments. Best for well-capitalized investors focused on wealth preservation and appreciation.

Expenses to Include in Net Rental Yield

Calculating net yield accurately requires accounting for every recurring cost. Many first-time investors underestimate expenses and are surprised when a property that looked profitable on paper delivers thin or negative cash flow.

Expense CategoryTypical AmountNotes
Property Tax0.5%–3% of value/yrVaries hugely by state — NJ highest (~2.5%), AL/HI lowest
Landlord Insurance$800–$2,500/yrMore than standard homeowner's — covers liability and loss of rent
Maintenance & Repairs1% of value/yr avgOlder properties: 1.5–2%. Budget monthly, spend irregularly
Property Management8–12% of monthly rentSkip if self-managing, but be honest about your time cost
Vacancy Allowance5–10% of gross rentAlways include — even great properties have turnover
HOA Fees$100–$600+/moCommon in condos and some SFH communities
Utilities (if landlord-paid)VariesCommon in older multifamily
Accounting / Legal$300–$1,000/yrTax returns, lease preparation, eviction if needed
CapEx Reserve$100–$300/moRoof, HVAC, appliances — major items that don't show up annually
⚠️ Don't forget CapEx. Capital expenditure reserves (roof replacement, HVAC, water heater) are often omitted from yield calculations but represent a real future cost. A property that looks profitable ignoring CapEx may break even or lose money when a $15,000 roof is replaced.

Rental Yield vs Cash-on-Cash Return — What Is the Difference?

Rental yield measures income relative to the full property value. Cash-on-cash return measures income relative to only the cash you invested (your down payment plus closing costs). When you use a mortgage, these numbers diverge significantly.

Rental YieldCash-on-Cash Return
DenominatorFull property valueCash actually invested (down + closing costs)
Includes mortgage?No — unleveredYes — subtracts debt service
Effect of leverageNot reflectedAmplifies returns (positive or negative)
Useful forComparing properties regardless of financingEvaluating return on your actual cash investment
Example (9% gross yield)9% gross, ~6% netMay be 10–15% CoC if leveraged at 20% down

Use rental yield to compare properties and screen investment opportunities. Use cash-on-cash return to evaluate a specific deal after factoring in your financing terms. Both metrics together give you a complete picture.

Calculate your Cash-on-Cash Return →

How to Improve Rental Yield

Rental yield can be improved from both sides of the equation — increasing income or reducing the effective purchase price relative to rent.

  • Buy below market value. Distressed or off-market properties purchased at a discount immediately increase yield without any operational changes.
  • Increase rent to market rate. Inherited below-market tenancies depress yield. Bring rents to market upon lease renewal or turnover.
  • Add income streams. Storage units, parking spaces, coin laundry, and ADUs (accessory dwelling units) add revenue without proportionally increasing property value.
  • Reduce vacancy. Improve tenant retention through responsive maintenance, fair lease terms, and proactive communication. Each month of vacancy costs roughly 8% of annual yield.
  • Manage self (carefully). Eliminating an 8–12% management fee directly adds 1–2% net yield, but only if you can genuinely manage the property well.
  • Refinance strategically. Lower mortgage rates improve cash flow (and thus cash-on-cash return) but don't change rental yield directly.
  • Consider short-term rental. Airbnb/VRBO can increase gross revenue 50–150% in high-demand markets, but operating costs and management effort also rise significantly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good rental yield in the US in 2026?
The average gross rental yield in the US is 6.71% (Q2 2026). A good rental yield is generally 6%+ gross, with 7–8%+ considered strong. The highest-yielding major markets include Cleveland OH (up to 11.3%), Memphis TN (8–10%), Cincinnati OH (~9.8%), Toledo OH (8–9%), and Birmingham AL (7–9%). Coastal cities like San Francisco and New York typically yield 2.5–4% gross, making them appreciation-dependent markets.
What is the difference between gross and net rental yield?
Gross rental yield = (Annual Rent / Property Value) × 100. It does not account for any expenses. Net rental yield = ((Annual Rent − Annual Expenses) / Property Value) × 100. It subtracts all operating costs including property tax, insurance, maintenance, management fees, and vacancy. Net yield is always 2–4% lower than gross but gives a realistic picture of profitability. Both are useful — gross for quick comparison, net for investment decisions.
Which US cities have the highest rental yields in 2026?
Top US rental yield markets in 2026: Cleveland OH (11.3%), Shreveport LA (8.69%), Cincinnati OH (~9.8%), Memphis TN (8–10%), Toledo OH (8–9%), Birmingham AL (7–9%), Detroit MI (7–9%), and Indianapolis IN (6–8%). These mid-sized Midwest and Southern cities offer the best combination of low property prices and strong rental demand. Coastal markets like San Francisco (2.5–3.5%) and NYC (3–4%) have much lower yields.
How do I calculate rental yield?
Gross Yield = (Monthly Rent × 12 / Property Value) × 100. For net yield, subtract annual expenses first: Net Yield = ((Monthly Rent × 12 × (1 − Vacancy Rate)) − Annual Expenses) / Property Value × 100. Example: $1,500/mo rent on a $200,000 property = 9% gross yield. After $6,000 annual expenses and 5% vacancy, net yield = 6.45%.
What is the difference between rental yield and cap rate?
They are closely related but not identical. Rental yield measures rent relative to property value and can be calculated on gross or net basis. Cap rate (capitalization rate) always uses Net Operating Income (NOI) divided by property value. Cap rate is the standard metric for commercial real estate valuation. When calculated correctly with the same inputs, net rental yield and cap rate produce nearly identical results. Use rental yield for quick screening and cap rate for professional investment analysis.
What is cash-on-cash return vs rental yield?
Rental yield measures income return relative to the full property value (unlevered). Cash-on-cash return measures income relative to only the cash you actually invested (down payment + closing costs). When using a mortgage, cash-on-cash return is typically higher than rental yield because you are leveraging borrowed capital. Example: 8% rental yield with 20% down could produce 12–15% cash-on-cash return.
What expenses should I include in net rental yield?
Net rental yield should include: property taxes, landlord insurance, maintenance and repairs (1% of property value per year is a common rule), property management fees (8–12% of rent), vacancy allowance (5–10% of gross rent), HOA fees if applicable, utilities if landlord-paid, and a CapEx reserve for major repairs like roofs and HVAC. Do not include mortgage principal or interest — those affect cash flow but not yield.
What rental yield should I target?
Target 6%+ gross yield for a decent US investment. 7–8%+ gross is considered strong. Net yield of 4–5% after expenses is realistic and profitable in most markets. Below 4% gross (common in coastal cities) means you are relying primarily on appreciation rather than rental income. The US national average is 6.71% gross (Q2 2026). Adjust your target based on your strategy: cash flow investors should aim higher, appreciation investors can accept lower yields.
Should I include mortgage payments in rental yield?
No. Rental yield is an unlevered metric — it measures the return on the full property value regardless of financing. Mortgage payments affect your cash flow and cash-on-cash return, but not rental yield. If you want to measure return on your actual cash invested (including the impact of financing), use cash-on-cash return instead. This calculator shows both yield and monthly cash flow for a complete picture.
How can I improve my rental yield?
Improve rental yield by: (1) Buying below market value — immediate yield boost without operational changes. (2) Increasing rent to market rate upon lease renewal. (3) Adding income streams like storage, parking, or laundry. (4) Reducing vacancy through better tenant retention. (5) Self-managing to eliminate 8–12% management fees. (6) Appealing over-assessed property taxes. (7) Considering short-term rentals in high-demand areas for 50–150% revenue increase.

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